Trail Safety

Trail Riding 101 and Trail Riding Etiquette

Following basic trail etiquette can help ensure the safety of you, your horse, others who ride with you and folks you meet on the trail. Following basic trail etiquette is important to keep trails open to horses. Many trails are closed to horses because of riders who abused the trail riding privilege. Remember that you are always an ambassador of horseback riding.  If non-riders meet a courteous and polite horse person on the trail, their impression of all of horse folks will hopefully remain positive.

1. When encountering hikers and bikers
   • Ideally hikers and bikers will yield to a rider.
   • When encountering hikers or bikers, talk to them and get them to talk to you. Hikers with backpacks and bikers with helmets do not look human. Explain this to them and ask them to speak so that your horse will understand that this “thing” is actually just a person.
   • Ask them to stand off on the downhill side of the trail. Once again, horses are prey animals and often attacked from above, so keep the scary looking thing down low. It can also be easier to control a horse going uphill if he spooks.
   • Stay relaxed yourself and keep talking to the hiker and your horse if he is nervous.
   • Find out if there are more in their party and tell them how many in your party.
   • Thank them for their cooperation and be kind and courteous. We are all out there to enjoy ourselves.
2. When encountering other horses
   •  In theory, single riders will yield to pack strings. But be prepared for this not to be the case.  In generally yield to anyone coming up or down the trail if you can because you know your animals and your riding ability.
   • Ideally, downhill riders will yield to uphill riders.
   • Do not try to squeeze by other horses, you are asking for all kinds of trouble. Instead, give yourself plenty of room to go around. You don’t know their animals or their riding ability. So take the safer route and yield.
   • If the trail is narrow with no way to move off to let another pass, decide who should turn around to travel back to a safe place to pass. Always turn your horse to the down hill side. He can see his front feet and won’t step off the trail. He cannot see his back feet or where he is putting them as well, so you want to keep those on the trail. Unless you know the oncoming horse and rider and their abilities, it is safest to assume that the horse and rider are both inexperienced and be prepared that anything could happen as you or they go by.
3. You want to maintain a distance of about one horse length between horses while trail riding. This leaves you time and space to react safely in the event of an accident in front of you.
4. When you encounter obstacles on the trail, such as bridges, water crossings, narrow passes, poor footing areas, etc. walk the horses across one at a time. Allow more than the usual single horse length between each horse over longer bridges.
5. Watch the footing, especially on uphill and downhill grades. Gravel on rocks is like ice. Wet bridges and wet asphalt can also be very slippery. If you encounter problems, warn any riders behind you.
6. When leading and/or riding with anyone behind you
   • Always start rides at a Walk
   • Ask before changing gates, trotting, loping, canter, etc.  This really should be discussed before the trail ride begins.  You may have riders in the pack string with various levels of expertise, including beginners who are not used to changing gates.
   • Warn of holes, bad footing and other dangers
   • Warn when you are stopping
   • Warn if a branch might snap back in someone’s face
7. For your safety and the safety of others around you, pay attention to your horse and keep your horse under control. Keep a peripheral eye on the rest of the horses and the environment around you. Being prepared for anything to happen can often prevent a bad wreck. Think like a horse, especially if you are the leader of the group. If you look at objects on the trail like a prey animal (is it unfamiliar or potentially dangerous), you can help prepare yourself for anything. Once again preparation and awareness can be the difference between a controlled flight and a bad wreck.
8. Nasty horses in the back. If your horse is unruly, you should bring up the rear where his poor behavior will not be witnessed by the other horses and cause them to get upset as well. And, if you are lucky, your horse may learn a thing or two from watching calmer horses in front of him all day.
9. Tie a red ribbon in the tail of a horse that kicks. If you are following a horse with a red ribbon, obviously it would be safer to maintain a little more distance between you, but also you might be extra watchful for signs of forewarning: pinned ears, swishing tail, hind leg at the ready, etc. Remember that your horse could move to avoid the kick and put you in its path instead. A broken leg or knee from a kick 10 steep miles from the trailer is no fun.
10. Mares in season and stallions can present special problems on the trail. They require an extra level of attention on the part of the rider and the others in the group. If you are riding one, be extra vigilant of the horse's behavior. If you are not, but they are part of your group, keep an extra eye out on these animals. Ideally the rider on either of these animals would be an experienced horse person. Warn oncoming riders if necessary. And then also consider that any horse you may pass on the trail could be a mare in season or a stallion and that the rider may not be experienced.
11. Keep track of other riders behind you Take turns leading, (share the dust).
12. When you reach a watering area, take turns and don’t crowd. Wait for everyone to finish before moving off. And remember your Leave No Trace ethics: do not destroy the water front by trying to water all the horses at the same time. Use only the obvious area where animals come down to drink.
13. Stop if there is a wreck. This should be obvious. Your help may be needed. But also, once again, horses are herd animals and do not like to be left alone, especially in an unfamiliar area. If you ride off, while someone is trying to mount back up, their horse could panic and take off to catch up with the group.
14. Always practice Leave No Trace ethics:
    • Don’t cut switchbacks.
    • Do not to walk through soft, wet ground. Horses’ hooves are sharp and destroy vegetation.
    • Pick up all your trash, including cigarette butts, and pack it out.
    • Pick up other people’s trash to keep places as pristine as possible and set a good example.
    • Be respectful of property owner's wishes.  Stay on the marked trail. 
15. Personal Safety
    • Always carry ID on your person and on your horse in case you become separated.
    • Tell someone where you are going in case you don’t come home, even when riding with a group.
    • Carry basic survival gear on your horse and at least the bare minimum on your person:
      • cell phone
      • matches
      • food
      • water

Other Resources for Trail Riding info:

• Recommending Reading: "Trail Riding - Train, Prepare, Pack Up & Hit the Trail" by Rhonda Massingham Hart

The Seven Principles of  "Leave No Trace" Behind: Plan Ahead and Prepare Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces Dispose of Waste Properly Leave What You Find Minimize Campfire Impacts Respect Wildlife Be Considerate of Other Visitors For more information and details on "Leave No Trace" visit the Leave No Trace website at  www.lnt.org

Thank you to the Nokesville Horse Society who posted this on their website.

www.nhsinc.tripod.com










Loretta the natural horseman clear communication/visible results

Equestrian Science Principles

TRAINING PRINCIPLES from equestrian science

13-Jan-2013Effective riders follow principles based on learning theory when training horses.

The 8 training principles are now available in PDF that allows large format print for indoor or outdoor display. Click here

• Release the pressure immediately when the horse responds. 
  Soften the pressure of the signal (such as rein and leg pressures) the instant the horse responds appropriately.
• Use signals that the horse can differentiate. 
• Signals must be clearly distinguishable from each other (i.e., use one signal to go with faster steps and another signal to go longer in the stride)
• Train and initiate responses one at a time (shaping). 
• Train each response component of complex movements separately. 
• Separate opposing signals (such as the reins and the rider’s legs) by not using them at exactly the same moment.
• Train habitual responses using consistency and repetition. 
• The horse will automatically respond in the desired way if the behaviour is precisely targeted  (i.e., train all movements and transitions to occur with consistent characteristics, including timing and duration).
• Train only one response per signal. 
• Reinforce only one response for each separate signal, although signals for the same response can be associated with each other.
• Avoid fear during training. 
• During all horse/human interactions, make sure that characteristics of the environment, including the humans, do not become associated with fear in the horse.
• Train persistence of responses. 
• Reward the horse for maintaining a behaviour by NOT applying pressure until the next signal is given (at which point pressure is again applied).
• Check for relaxation. 
• Strive for relaxation when training each response and vary only for the relevant level of activity. Techniques and equipment must not be used to mask distress or undesirable behaviour.

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Loretta
 the natural horseman
clear communication/visible results

"How did you stay on??"

My 12 yr old student who had just ridden Stryker commented after he bucked.  "Miss Loretta how did you stay on while he did that?"   I told her that the method of riding I teach teaches a safe, secure, seat. By learning to keep your leg under you AT ALL TIMES many falls can be omitted. Not all, but many.  My upper body did go forward when he bucked. But my legs stayed under me. Had they swung back I would've been over his head or shoulder in a heartbeat.

The other thing is reaction time. As soon as I felt what was happening I pushed myself back upright so more weight could be in the seat.  It takes a lot of years to be able to do that, and unfortunately some falls along the way. Sometimes we learn the hard way, by our mistakes. I have been thrown off by a buck or two in my time. 

For the record, Stryker was not trying to ditch me. He was very happy to be cantering. Everyone was commenting on how happy and excited he looked before he bucked. I think he was thrilled to be doing something.  Since the herd changes at the barn, he's been living in the paddock with the ponies, not in the field.  So he does not have nearly as much space to roam in.








Loretta
 the natural horseman
 clear communication/visible results

Schooling ponies, well horses I guess

Interesting day here today. Started with schooling Blue after a student had a morning lesson on him. He was quite ready, I think he could've cantered forever.  Ended with me schooling Stryker after a student's lesson. This one was a bit more interesting. Trotted around great, still off left but I think that is a forever thing. Much like Playboy he picked up a canter as soon as I thought about asking (this psychic pony connection is coooool), we went around about once, to the right. Lauren was commenting on how good we looked, his tail was up, his head was tucked in, and then, blam. He bucked. Wow he has a pretty mean buck to him. I stayed on, it was uneventful. I corrected him and off we went again on the right lead, a do over if you will.  Then we went to the left. Lovely, slow, rolling canter. Was wonderful and felt great both directions. Guess he can stay another month....







Loretta
 the natural horseman
 clear communication/visible results